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"We are thus
forced to conclude that the quantum-mechanical description of physical
reality given by wave functions is not complete."
EINSTEIN, A., Podolsky, B. and Rosen,
N. "Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be
Considered Complete?" in Physical Review,pp.777-780 Vol. 47, No. 10
(whole issue offered), May 15, 1935. Quarto, original green
wrappers. Custom half-leather box. $3500.
First edition, first printing. In 1935, Albert Einstein, Boris
Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen published a study concluding that because, in
quantum mechanics, every element of physical reality did not have a
counterpart in the physical theory, it could not be a complete theory or
description of nature. Specifically, the EPR Paradox (as their study
became known) argued for the presence of some "hidden
variables" in nature that were not recognized by the quantum
mechanics. The paper spawned
years of debate concerning the possibilities and requirements of quantum
theory, leading to many important developments in the field and in the
understanding of the nature of reality. The EPR Paradox was ultimate
refuted by John Bell in 1964 when he
confirmed the "incomplete" nature of reality that quantum
mechanics predicted. Spine
repaired. Mild age-discoloring to edged of wrappers, a few wrinkles to
edges of EPR article, small closed tear to bottom margin (not affecting
text) of one page of EPR. Rare, particularly in original wrappers. |